MAGNABEND - UKUSEBENZA KWESEKHI
Ifolda yeMagnabend sheetmetal iyilwe njenge-DC clamping electromagnet.
Eyona sekethi ilula efunekayo ukuqhuba ikhoyili ye-electro-magnetic ibandakanya iswitshi kunye nesilungisi sebhulorho kuphela:
Umzobo 1: Isekethe encinci:
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ifowuni ye-ON / OFF ixhunyiwe kwicala le-AC lesekethe.Oku kuvumela i-coil ye-inductive yangoku ukuba ijikeleze kwii-diodes kwi-rectifier yebhulorho emva kokucima kude kube ukubola kwangoku ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-zero.
(Iidiodes kwibhulorho zisebenza njenge "fly-back" diodes).
Ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokulungeleka ngakumbi kunqweneleka ukuba ube nesekethe ebonelela nge-2-handed interlock kunye ne-2-stage clamping.I-2-handed interlock inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iminwe ayinakubanjwa phantsi kwe-clampbar kwaye i-clamping ehleliweyo inika isiqalo esithambileyo kwaye ivumela isandla esinye ukuba sibambe izinto endaweni de i-pre-clamping isebenze.
Umzobo 2: Isekethe ene-Interlock kunye ne-2-Stage Clamping:
Xa iqhosha le-START licinezelwe i-voltage encinci inikezelwa kwi-coil yamagnetic nge-AC capacitor ngaloo ndlela ivelisa umphumo wokukhanya.Le ndlela esebenzayo yokukhawulela okwangoku kwikhoyili ayibandakanyi ukuchithwa kwamandla okuphawulekayo kwisixhobo sokunciphisa (i-capacitor).
I-clamping epheleleyo ifunyenwe xa zombini i-Beam-operated switch kunye neqhosha le-START zisebenza kunye.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iqhosha lokuQALA liza kutyhalwa kuqala (ngesandla sasekhohlo) kwaye umqheba womqadi ogobayo uya kutsalwa ngesinye isandla.I-clamping epheleleyo ayiyi kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukugqithelana ekusebenzeni kwezitshintshi ezi-2.Nangona kunjalo nje ukuba i-clamping epheleleyo imisiwe akukho mfuneko yokubamba iqhosha lokuQALA.
IMagnetism eshiyekileyo
Ingxaki encinci kodwa ebalulekileyo kumatshini weMagnabend, njengakuninzi lwee-electro-magnets, yingxaki yemagnethi eshiyekileyo.Lo ngumlinganiselo omncinci wemagnethi eseleyo emva kokuba umazibuthe ecinyiwe.Ibangela ukuba ii-clamp-bar zihlale zibotshelelwe ngokubuthathaka kumzimba wemagnethi nto leyo eyenza ukususwa kwesixhobo sokusebenza kube nzima.
Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ethambileyo enozibuthe yenye yeendlela ezininzi ezinokoyisa intsalela yemagnethi.
Nangona kunjalo le mathiriyeli kunzima ukuyifumana kubungakanani besitokhwe kwaye ithambile ngokwasemzimbeni okuthetha ukuba inokonakala ngokulula kumatshini wokugoba.
Ukufakwa kwe-gap engeyiyo-magnetic kwisekethe yamagnetic mhlawumbi yindlela elula yokunciphisa i-magnetism eseleyo.Le ndlela iyasebenza kwaye kulula ukufikelela kuyo kumzimba umazibuthe owenziweyo - faka nje iqhekeza lekhadibhodi okanye ialuminiyam malunga ne-0.2mm ubukhulu phakathi kwepali yangaphambili kunye neqhekeza eliphambili ngaphambi kokubopha iindawo zemagnethi kunye.I-drawback ephambili yale ndlela kukuba i-gap engeyiyo-magnetic iyayinciphisa i-flux ekhoyo ukuze ibambe ngokupheleleyo.Kananjalo akukho nto ithe ngqo phambili ukubandakanya isithuba kumzimba wemagnethi onesiqwenga esinye njengoko usetyenziselwa uyilo lwemagnethi yohlobo lwe-E.
I-reverse bias field, eveliswa yi-coil encedisayo, nayo yindlela esebenzayo.Kodwa ibandakanya ukuntsonkotha okungaphezulu okungafunekiyo ekwenziweni kwekhoyili kunye nakwindlela yolawulo lwesekethe, nangona isetyenziswe ngokufutshane kuyilo lweMagnabend yokuqala.
I-oscillation ebolayo ("ringing") yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhupha uzibuthe.
Ezi foto ze-oscilloscope zibonisa amandla ombane (umkhondo ongaphezulu) kunye nowangoku (umkhondo ongezantsi) kwikhoyili yeMagnabend enecapacitor efanelekileyo eqhagamshelwe ngaphaya kwayo ukuze izenzele i-oscillate.(Ubonelelo lwe-AC lucinyiwe malunga nombindi womfanekiso).
Umfanekiso wokuqala ngowojikelezo lwemagnethi oluvulekileyo, olungenayo i-clampbar kwimagnethi.Umfanekiso wesibini ngowojikelezo lwemagnethi evaliweyo, enobude obugcweleyo beclampbar kwimagnethi.
Kumfanekiso wokuqala i-voltage ibonisa ukubola kwe-oscillation (ukukhala) kunye ne-current (umkhondo ophantsi), kodwa kumfanekiso wesibini i-voltage ayiguquki kwaye yangoku ayinakukwazi ukuyibuyisela umva konke konke.Oku kuthetha ukuba bekungayi kubakho kujikeleza kwemagnethi kwaye ngenxa yoko akukho kucinywa kwentsalela yemagnethi.
Ingxaki kukuba umazibuthe ufumile kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yeelahleko zangoku ze-eddy kwintsimbi, kwaye ke ngelishwa le ndlela ayisebenzi kwiMagnabend.
I-oscillation enyanzelweyo isengomnye umbono.Ukuba umazibuthe ufumile kakhulu ukuba azi-oscillate ngoko ke unokunyanzelwa ukuba ajike ngeesekethe ezisebenzayo ezinikezela amandla njengoko kufuneka.Oku kuye kwaphandwa ngokucokisekileyo kwiMagnabend.I-drawback yayo ephambili kukuba ibandakanya ukujikeleza okunzima kakhulu.
I-Reverse-pulse demagnetising yeyona ndlela ibonakalise ukuba ineendleko eziphezulu kwiMagnabend.Iinkcukacha zolu yilo zimele umsebenzi wokuqala owenziwa yiMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd. Ingxoxo eneenkcukacha ilandelayo:
REVERSE-PULSE DEMAGNETISING
Ingundoqo yale ngcamango kukugcina amandla kwi-capacitor kwaye emva koko uyikhulule kwikhoyili emva kokuba i-magnet icinyiwe.I-polarity kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba i-capacitor iya kubangela i-current current kwi-coil.Isixa samandla agcinwe kwi-capacitor sinokulungelelaniswa ukuba sanele nje ukukhansela i-magnetism eseleyo.(Amandla amaninzi anokuyigqithisa kwaye aphinde asebenze umazibuthe kwelinye icala).
Inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yendlela ye-reverse-pulse kukuba ivelisa i-demagnetising ekhawulezayo kakhulu kunye nokukhululwa kwangoko kwe-clampbar kwimagnethi.Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ulinde i-coil yangoku ukuba ibole ibe ngu-zero ngaphambi kokuba udibanise i-pulse ebuyela umva.Ekufakeni ukubetha kwentliziyo umsinga wekhoyili unyanzeliswa ukuba ube ngunothi (kwaye emva koko ubuyele umva) ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunokuba bekunokuba njalo ukubola kwayo okuqhelekileyo kwe-exponential.
Umzobo 3: Isiseko seSiseko se-Reverse-Pulse Circuit
Ngoku, ngesiqhelo, ukubeka unxibelelwano phakathi kwesilungisi kunye nekhoyili yemagnethi "kudlala ngomlilo".
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-inductive current ayinakuphazanyiswa ngesiquphe.Ukuba kunjalo abafowunelwa bokutshintsha baya ku-arc kwaye iswitshi iya konakaliswa okanye itshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo.(Umatshini olinganayo uya kuzama ukumisa ngequbuliso i-flywheel).
Ngaloo ndlela, nayiphi na isekethe eyilwe kufuneka ibonelele indlela esebenzayo yekhoyili yangoku ngamaxesha onke, kubandakanywa ne-millisecond ezimbalwa ngelixa uqhagamshelwano lokutshintsha lutshintsha.
Isekethe engentla, equlathe kuphela i-2 capacitors kunye ne-2 diode (kunye ne-relay contact), ifezekisa imisebenzi yokutshaja i-Capacitor yokugcina kwi-voltage engalunganga (ngokunxulumene necala lereferensi yekhoyili) kwaye ikwabonelela ngenye indlela yekhoyili. okwangoku ngelixa unxibelelwano lwe-relay luhamba.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
Ngokubanzi i-D1 kunye ne-C2 zisebenza njengempompo yentlawulo ye-C1 ngelixa i-D2 iyi-diode ebambezelayo ebambe indawo engu-B ekubeni ihambe kakuhle.
Ngelixa umazibuthe IVULIWE unxibelelwano lwe-relay luya kudityaniswa kwitheminali "yesiqhelo evulekileyo" (NO) kwaye umazibuthe uya kube esenza umsebenzi wawo wesiqhelo wokubamba icwecwe.Impompo yentlawulo iya kutshaja i-C1 ukuya kwincopho yombane engalunganga elingana nobukhulu bombane wecoil oyincopho.I-voltage kwi-C1 iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kodwa iya kuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo malunga ne-1/2 yesibini.
Ihlala ikuloo meko de umatshini ucinywe.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokucima i-relay ibamba ixesha elifutshane.Ngeli xesha i-coil yangoku ye-inductive kakhulu iya kuqhubeka ijikeleza kwakhona kwii-diodes kwi-rectifier yebhulorho.Ngoku, emva kokulibaziseka malunga ne-30 millisecond uqhagamshelwano lonxibelelwano luya kuqala ukwahlula.Ikhoyili yangoku ayinakuphinda idlule kwiidiode zokulungisa kodwa endaweni yoko ifumana indlela edlula kuC1, D1, kunye neC2.Ulwalathiso lwalo lwangoku luza kwandisa ngakumbi intlawulo embi kwi-C1 kwaye iya kuqalisa ukuhlawulisa i-C2 nayo.
Ixabiso le-C2 kufuneka libe likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukulawula izinga lokunyuka kwamandla ombane kulo lonke unxibelelwano lokuvula i-relay ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-arc ayenzi.Ixabiso malunga ne-5 micro-farads nge-amp ye-coil yangoku ifanelekile kwi-relay eqhelekileyo.
Umzobo we-4 ongezantsi ubonisa iinkcukacha zeefom zamaza ezenzeka kwisiqingatha sokuqala sesibini emva kokucinywa.I-voltage ramp elawulwa yi-C2 ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-trace ebomvu phakathi komzobo, ibhalwe "Relay contact on the fly".(Elona xesha lokubhabha linokuthatyathwa kulo mkhondo; limalunga ne-1.5 ms).
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-relay armature ifika kwi-terminal yayo ye-NC i-capacitor yokugcina ehlawuliswa kakubi idityaniswe kwikhoyili yemagnethi.Oku akuwubuyiseli umva kwangoko umsinga wekhoyili kodwa umsinga ngoku ubaleka "ukwenyuka" kwaye ngaloo ndlela unyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza ukutyhutyha u-zero ukuya kwincopho embi eyenzeka malunga ne-80 ms emva kodibaniso lwe-capacitor yokugcina.(Jonga umzobo 5).Umsinga ombi uya kuphembelela ukuqukuqela okungalunganga kwimagnethi okuya kucima intsalela yemagnethi kwaye i-clampbar kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza ziya kukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza.
Umzobo 4: Ukwandiswa kweeWaveforms
Umzobo 5: I-Voltage kunye ne-Waveforms yangoku kwi-Magnet Coil
Umzobo wesi-5 ngasentla ubonisa amandla ombane kunye neefom zamaza zangoku kwikhoyili yemagnethi ngexesha lesigaba sangaphambi kokubamba, isigaba esigcweleyo sokudibanisa, kunye nesigaba sokukhupha uzibuthe.
Kucingelwa ukuba ukulula kunye nokusebenza kwale sekethi yokukhupha uzibuthe kufanele kuthetha ukuba iya kufumana isicelo kwezinye iimagnethi ezifuna ukukhupha uzibuthe.Nokuba intsalela yemagnethi ayiyongxaki le sekethe isenokuba luncedo kakhulu ekutshintsheni icoil yangoku iye kwiqanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ke ngoko ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza.
ISekethe yeMagnabend esebenzayo:
Iikhonsepthi zesekethe ezixoxwe ngasentla zinokudityaniswa kwisekethe epheleleyo kunye ne-2-handed interlock kunye ne-reverse pulse demagnetising njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi (Umfanekiso 6):
Umzobo 6: Isekethe edibeneyo
Le sekethe iya kusebenza kodwa ngelishwa ayithembekanga ngandlel’ ithile.
Ukufumana ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nobomi bokutshintsha ixesha elide kuyimfuneko yokongeza amanye amacandelo kwisekethe esisiseko njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi (Umfanekiso 7):
Umzobo 7: Isekethe edibeneyo kunye noLungekiso
SW1:
Olu lutshintsho lweepali ezi-2.Yongezwa ukuze kube lula kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yombane.Kwakhona kunqweneleka ukuba olu tshintsho lubandakanye ukukhanya kwesalathisi se-neon ukubonisa isimo se-ON / OFF yesekethe.
I-D3 kunye ne-C4:
Ngaphandle kwe-D3 i-latching ye-relay ayithembekanga kwaye ixhomekeke ngandlel 'ithile kwisigaba se-waveform ye-mains ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-beam yokugoba.I-D3 yazisa ukulibaziseka (ngokuqhelekileyo i-30 milli imizuzwana) ekuphumeni kwe-relay.Oku kuyoyisa ingxaki ye-latching kwaye kuluncedo kwakhona ukulibaziseka kokuyeka ngaphambi nje kokuqalisa kwe-pulse demagnetising pulse (kamva kumjikelo).I-C4 ibonelela ngokudityaniswa kwe-AC yesekethe ye-relay eyayiza kuba yi-half-wave short circuit xa iqhosha le-START licinezelwa.
THERM.TSHINTSHA:
Olu tshintsho lunezindlu zalo ezidibana nomzimba wemagnethi kwaye luya kuvula isiphaluka ukuba umazibuthe ushushu kakhulu (> 70 C).Ukuyibeka kuthotho kunye nekhoyili ye-relay kuthetha ukuba kufuneka itshintshe kuphela i-current encinci nge-coil ye-relay kunokuba i-magnet epheleleyo yangoku.
I-R2:
Xa iqhosha le-START licinezelwe i-relay idonsa kwaye emva koko kuya kubakho i-in-rush current ehlawulisa i-C3 nge-bridge rectifier, i-C2 kunye ne-diode D2.Ngaphandle kwe-R2 akuyi kubakho ukuchasana kule sekethi kwaye umphumo ophezulu ungonakalisa abafowunelwa kwi-START switch.
Kwakhona, kukho enye imeko yesekethe apho i-R2 ibonelela ngokhuseleko: Ukuba isitshixo sokugoba (SW2) sisuka kwi-NO terminal (apho siza kube sithwele umazibuthe opheleleyo yangoku) siye kwi-terminal ye-NC, ngokufuthi i-arc iyakwenza kwaye ukuba Ukutshintsha kwe-START kwakusabanjiwe ngeli xesha ke i-C3 yayiza kuba mfutshane kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bombane obukwi-C3, ngoko oku kunokonakalisa i-SW2.Nangona kunjalo kwakhona i-R2 iya kumisela umda lo wesekethe imfutshane kwixabiso elikhuselekileyo.I-R2 idinga kuphela ixabiso eliphantsi lokumelana (ngokuqhelekileyo i-2 ohms) ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo.
Varistor:
I-varistor, edibeneyo phakathi kwee-terminals ze-AC ze-rectifier, ngokuqhelekileyo akenzi nto.Kodwa ukuba kukho i-voltage yokunyuka kwi-mains (ngenxa yomzekelo - ugwayimbo lokukhanyisa olukufutshane ) ngoko i-varistor iya kufunxa amandla kwi-surgery kwaye ithintele i-voltage spike ekonakalisa isilungisi sebhulorho.
I-R1:
Ukuba iqhosha le-START laliza kucinezelwa ngexesha le-pulse ye-demagnetising ngoko oku kwakunokubangela i-arc kwi-relay contact eyayiza kuba yi-C1 emfutshane (i-capacitor yokugcina).Amandla e-capacitor aya kuphonswa kwisekethe equkethe i-C1, i-bridge rectifier kunye ne-arc kwi-relay.Ngaphandle kwe-R1 kukho ukuchasana okuncinci kule sekethi kwaye ke okwangoku kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye kuya kukwanela ukudibanisa abafowunelwa kwi-relay.I-R1 ibonelela ngokhuseleko kule meko (engaqhelekanga noko).
Inqaku Elilodwa eliKhethayo kwakhona le-R1:
Ukuba isiganeko esichazwe ngasentla senzeka i-R1 iyakufunxa phantse onke amandla abegcinwe kwi-C1 nokuba leliphi ixabiso le-R1.Sifuna ukuba i-R1 ibe nkulu xa ithelekiswa nolunye uxhathiso lwesekethe kodwa incinci xa ithelekiswa nokumelana nekhoyili yeMagnabend (kungenjalo i-R1 inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-demagnetising pulse).Ixabiso elimalunga ne-5 ukuya kwi-10 ohms linokuba lifanelekile kodwa leliphi ireyithingi yamandla ekufuneka i-R1 ibenayo?Eyona nto kufuneka siyicacise ngamandla e-pulse, okanye umlinganiselo wamandla we-resistor.Kodwa olu phawu aluqhelekanga ukuchazwa kubaxhathisi bamandla.Ixabiso eliphantsi resistors amandla badla ngocingo-inxeba kwaye siye sagqiba ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukukhangela kule resistor isixa intambo yokwenene esetyenziswa kulwakhiwo yayo.Kufuneka uqhekeze uvule i-resistor yesampuli kwaye ulinganise igeyiji kunye nobude bocingo olusetyenzisiweyo.Kule nto ubale umthamo opheleleyo wocingo uze ukhethe i-resistor kunye ubuncinane ne-20 mm3 yocingo.
(Umzekelo i-6.8 ohm / 11 watt resistor evela kwi-RS Components ifunyenwe inomthamo we-wire 24mm3).
Ngethamsanqa la macandelo ongezelelweyo mancinci ngobukhulu kunye neendleko kwaye ngoko ke yongeza kuphela iidola ezimbalwa kwixabiso elipheleleyo lombane waseMagnabend.
Kukho isuntswana elongezelelweyo lesekethe elingekaxoxwa.Oku koyisa ingxaki encinci ngokwentelekiso:
Ukuba iqhosha le-START licinezelwe kwaye alilandelwa kukutsala kwisibambo (esiya kunika ubambelelo olupheleleyo) ke i-capacitor yokugcina ayiyi kuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-pulse ye-demagnetising ephumela ekukhululweni kweqhosha lokuQALA aliyi kumisa ngokupheleleyo umatshini. .I-clampbar iya kuhlala ibambelele kumatshini kwaye oko kuya kuba yinkathazo.
Ukongezwa kwe-D4 kunye ne-R3, eboniswe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-Figure 8 engezantsi, yondla i-waveform efanelekileyo kwisekethe yempompo yokuhlawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-C1 ihlawuliswa nokuba i-clamping epheleleyo ayisetyenziswanga.(Ixabiso le-R3 alibalulekanga - i-220 ohms/10 watt ingafanelana noomatshini abaninzi).
Umzobo 8: Isekethe eneDemagnetise emva kokuthi "QALA" kuphela:
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga namacandelo esekethe nceda ubhekisele kwicandelo leMixholo "Yakha iMagnabend yakho"
Ngeenjongo zereferensi imizobo yesekethe epheleleyo ye-240 Volt AC, i-E-Type Magnabend koomatshini abaveliswa yiMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd iboniswe ngezantsi.
Qaphela ukuba ukusebenza kwi-115 VAC amaninzi amaxabiso ecandelo kuya kufuneka aguqulwe.
IMagnetic Engineering yayeka ukuveliswa koomatshini beMagnabend ngo-2003 xa ishishini lalithengiswa.
Qaphela: Le ngxoxo ingentla yayijoliswe ekuchazeni imigaqo ephambili yokusebenza kwesekethe kwaye azikho zonke iinkcukacha eziye zahlanganiswa.Iisekethe ezipheleleyo eziboniswe ngasentla zikwafakwe kwiincwadana zeMagnabend ezifumaneka kwenye indawo kule ndawo.
Kwakhona kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba siphuhlise iinguqulelo zemo ezomeleleyo ngokupheleleyo zale sekethi esebenzisa ii-IGBT endaweni yokudluliselwa kodluliso ukutshintshela okwangoku.
Isekethe yombuso oqinileyo ayizange isetyenziswe nakuwuphi na umatshini weMagnabend kodwa yayisetyenziselwa iimagnethi ezikhethekileyo esizenzele imigca yemveliso.Le migca yemveliso idla ngokukhupha izinto ezingama-5,000 (ezifana nomnyango wefriji) ngosuku.
IMagnetic Engineering yayeka ukuveliswa koomatshini beMagnabend ngo-2003 xa ishishini lalithengiswa.
Nceda sebenzisa ikhonkco loQhagamshelwano no-Alan kule sayithi ukuze ufune ulwazi oluninzi.